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	<id>https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Background</id>
	<title>Background - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Background"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-06-10T11:22:12Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.39.7</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=682&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ghb29: Note about possible syntax confusion with &amp;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=682&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-02-20T16:43:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Note about possible syntax confusion with &amp;amp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:43, 20 February 2020&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Backgrounding bg will cause your currently paused process will be restarted in the background.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Backgrounding bg will cause your currently paused process will be restarted in the background.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#The &amp;amp; The &amp;amp; symbol at the end of an input will automatically run the program in the background. E.g. qchem &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;output&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#The &amp;amp; The &amp;amp; symbol at the end of an input will automatically run the program in the background. E.g. qchem &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;output&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-empty diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#* &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;amp;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ends a command, so you can&#039;t use it next to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, which also ends a command. So &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;for i in a b; do echo $i &amp;amp;; done&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is a syntax error; the semicolon after the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;amp;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; must be deleted.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#jobs This command shows all the processes running in the background. The id&#039;s are given for use with...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#jobs This command shows all the processes running in the background. The id&#039;s are given for use with...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Foregrounding fg will cause one currently backgrounded process to be brought back the foreground - perhaps to be Ctrl-C killed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Foregrounding fg will cause one currently backgrounded process to be brought back the foreground - perhaps to be Ctrl-C killed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ghb29</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=61&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>import&gt;Tes36 at 09:07, 21 August 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=61&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-08-21T09:07:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:07, 21 August 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Say you run a qchem program. It may go on for some time. During this time it would be nice to be able to continue using your terminal - perhaps tracking the output of the program.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Say you run a qchem program. It may go on for some time. During this time it would be nice to be able to continue using your terminal - perhaps tracking the output of the program.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Pausing&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; Ctrl-Z will pause your current process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Pausing Ctrl-Z will pause your current process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Backgrounding&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; bg will cause your currently paused process will be restarted in the background.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Backgrounding bg will cause your currently paused process will be restarted in the background.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#The &amp;amp;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; The &amp;amp; symbol at the end of an input will automatically run the program in the background. E.g. qchem &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;output&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#The &amp;amp; The &amp;amp; symbol at the end of an input will automatically run the program in the background. E.g. qchem &#039;&#039;input&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;output&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#jobs&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; This command shows all the processes running in the background. The id&#039;s are given for use with...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#jobs This command shows all the processes running in the background. The id&#039;s are given for use with...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Foregrounding&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; fg will cause one currently backgrounded process to be brought back the foreground - perhaps to be Ctrl-C killed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#Foregrounding fg will cause one currently backgrounded process to be brought back the foreground - perhaps to be Ctrl-C killed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#top&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt; If you lose track of your processes running in the background, perhaps because your connection through ssh was reset, you can see all processes running on the computer with top. From here you can kill processes with &#039;k&#039; + the PID listed. For more information see the top link under the introduction page.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#top If you lose track of your processes running in the background, perhaps because your connection through ssh was reset, you can see all processes running on the computer with top. From here you can kill processes with &#039;k&#039; + the PID listed. For more information see the top link under the introduction page.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>import&gt;Tes36</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=60&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>import&gt;Tes36: Created page with &quot;Say you run a qchem program. It may go on for some time. During this time it would be nice to be able to continue using your terminal - perhaps tracking the output of the prog...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikis.ch.cam.ac.uk/thom/wiki/index.php?title=Background&amp;diff=60&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-08-21T09:06:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Say you run a qchem program. It may go on for some time. During this time it would be nice to be able to continue using your terminal - perhaps tracking the output of the prog...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Say you run a qchem program. It may go on for some time. During this time it would be nice to be able to continue using your terminal - perhaps tracking the output of the program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Pausing# Ctrl-Z will pause your current process.&lt;br /&gt;
#Backgrounding# bg will cause your currently paused process will be restarted in the background.&lt;br /&gt;
#The &amp;amp;# The &amp;amp; symbol at the end of an input will automatically run the program in the background. E.g. qchem &amp;#039;&amp;#039;input&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;output&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;
#jobs# This command shows all the processes running in the background. The id&amp;#039;s are given for use with...&lt;br /&gt;
#Foregrounding# fg will cause one currently backgrounded process to be brought back the foreground - perhaps to be Ctrl-C killed.&lt;br /&gt;
#top# If you lose track of your processes running in the background, perhaps because your connection through ssh was reset, you can see all processes running on the computer with top. From here you can kill processes with &amp;#039;k&amp;#039; + the PID listed. For more information see the top link under the introduction page.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>import&gt;Tes36</name></author>
	</entry>
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