Environment modules
The sector notes and the man pages are incredibly useful.
Initialising modules
A shell script inherits the environment its parent, so whatever modules you have loaded are available to any scripts you run. However, the module system is not initialised for non-interactive shells, so a script does not (by default) have access to the module system (i.e. can't change the environment). If you want to be able to change modules in a script, you must initialise the module system: how to do so depends on the language.
Scripts run via cron are started using a non-interactive environment, but have nothing to inherit from. This means if you want to use anything contained in a module in such scripts, you must first initialise the module system and then load the required modules. Initialising the module system does *not* purge the existing modules (see below).
Any modules loaded by a child process do not persist beyond the end of the child process: if a script loads a module, it won't remain in scope once the script ends.
bash
. /usr/share/modules/init/bash initialises modules in bash.
jss43@keiko:~> module list Currently Loaded Modulefiles: 1) pgi/64/7.0/7 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 3) mathematica/6.0.3 jss43@keiko:~> more module_examples . /usr/share/modules/init/bash # This initialises the module system in bash. module load ifort module list jss43@keiko:~> bash module_examples Currently Loaded Modulefiles: # module_examples loads the ifort module and inherits modules already loaded. 1) pgi/64/7.0/7 3) mathematica/6.0.3 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 4) ifort/32/9.1/040 jss43@keiko:~> module list Currently Loaded Modulefiles: # The ifort module does not remain loaded beyond the end of module_examples. 1) pgi/64/7.0/7 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 3) mathematica/6.0.3
python
Similarly to bash, in /usr/share/modules/init there is a python script to initialise the module system. It doesn't work due to a bug in modules' auto-configuration causes an incorrect path to be set. A correct version can be downloaded here---save it as python_modules.py. You can initialise modules using either execfile (specifying the full path) or import (where it must be in the current directory or in your PYTHONPATH, and the .py is left out of the module name). module('command') then works, where command is one of the usual module commands we use in the terminal.
jss43@keiko:~> python
>>> execfile('python_modules.py')
>>> modules('list')
Currently Loaded Modulefiles:
1) pgi/64/7.0/7 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 3) mathematica/6.0.3
jss43@keiko:~> python
>>> from python_modules import *
>>> modules('list')
Currently Loaded Modulefiles:
1) pgi/64/7.0/7 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 3) mathematica/6.0.3
If you use ipython (if you don't, you should), then you can implement the module commands as a "magic" command (type magic at the ipython prompt). The script needed is here---save it to ~/.ipython/modules_magic.py. You can add it to the standard profile (ipythonrc):
execfile ~/.ipython/modules_magic.py
If you are using a later version of ipython, then there will be a ipy_user_conf.py file in your .ipython directory. To implement the module magic command in this case, add
import_all("modules_magic")
in the main() subroutine.
You now have the module command defined in ipython which can be used exactly as in bash:
jss43@keiko:~> ipython Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Jan 10 2008, 18:01:52) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 0.8.3.svn.r3001 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object'. ?object also works, ?? prints more. In [1]: module list Currently Loaded Modulefiles: 1) pgi/64/7.0/7 2) g95/64/64i/0.91 3) mathematica/6.0.3
Private modules
It is possible to extend the module system by creating your own modules. First of all do module load use.own. The directory ~/privatemodules is created the first time you do this. ~/privatemodules also contains a template (null) from which you can create module configuration files. If you do module avail after loading the use.own module, you'll see there's a new section: /home/${USER}/privatemodules. This contains any modules you create.
jss43@keiko:~> module avail [...] -------------------------- /home/jss43/privatemodules -------------------------- gcc-4.2 lapack-64
My private modules can be used exactly as the standard modules.
Module configuration files are in Tcl, but we can avoid knowing anything about Tcl by shamelessly copying the existing module files (in /usr/local/shared/Modules/modulefiles). As an example, here are two module files I have:
gcc-4.2
Following on from the installation process described here. I based this on the g95 module file.
#%Module1.0#####################################################################
##
##
##
set base "/home/jss43/src/gcc-4.2"
set version "4.2"
set compilerhome $base
proc ModulesHelp { } {
global compilerhome
global version
puts stderr "\tgcc - loads version $version of the gcc compiler suite."
puts stderr "\tTHIS VERSION USES A 64-BIT INTEGER"
puts stderr "\tThis adds $compilerhome/bin to the PATH"
puts stderr "\n\tgcc contains free c and F95 compilers."
puts stderr "\tThere are extensive man and info pages."
}
module-whatis "Loads version $version of the gcc compiler"
prepend-path PATH $compilerhome/bin
prepend-path LD_LIBRARY_PATH $compilerhome/lib64
prepend-path MANPATH $compilerhome/man
prepend-path INFOPATH $compilerhome/info
It is important to prepend the paths: earlier versions of gcc and gfortran exist on the system PATH already, so we must make the shell find the user-installed gcc-4.2 suite first.
lapack
Following on from the installation process described here. I based this on the atlas/32/P4SSE2 module file.
#%Module1.0#####################################################################
##
##
##
conflict atlas acml
set root /home/jss43/src/lib/lapack-3.1.1
set version 3.1.1
proc ModulesHelp { } {
global root
puts stderr "\t[module-info name] - loads ATLAS maths library"
puts stderr "\tThis is a well-known linear algebra library."
puts stderr "\tThis version was compiled locally using the"
puts stderr "\tdefault options."
puts stderr "\tFor documentation see the homepage:"
puts stderr "\thttp://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/"
}
module-whatis "Loads version $version of the lapack library"
prepend-path LIBRARY_PATH $root
prepend-path LD_LIBRARY_PATH $root
prepend-path MANPATH $root/manpages/man
Development work
Private modules make it very easy to switch between development branches and/or production version code:
jss43@keiko:~> module load use.own code-clean jss43@keiko:~> which neci.x /home/jss43/CPMD/v3.11.1/CLEAN/NECI/neci.x jss43@keiko:~> module swap code-clean code-dev jss43@keiko:~> which neci.x /home/jss43/CPMD/v3.11.1/QMC_branch/NECI/neci.x