Basic linux commands everyone should know! - Revision history

import>Cen1001: Formatting change

2008-05-01T07:04:57Z

Formatting change

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:04, 1 May 2008
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	This will display info on the options associated with the ''ls'' command. To exit the info page, press ''q''.		This will display info on the options associated with the ''ls'' command. To exit the info page, press ''q''.

	* ''ls''		==ls==
	ls		ls
	This lists the contents of the current directory		This lists the contents of the current directory
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	This will list '''a'''ll files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''		This will list '''a'''ll files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''

	* ''cd''		== cd ==
	The ''''c'''hange '''d'''irectory' command		The ''''c'''hange '''d'''irectory' command
	cd		cd
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	This takes you to your ''sharedscratch'' directory (only on clusters)		This takes you to your ''sharedscratch'' directory (only on clusters)

	* ''cp''		== cp ==
	cp file1 file2 newdir/		cp file1 file2 newdir/
	Copies ''file1'' and ''file2'' to the directory ''newdir''		Copies ''file1'' and ''file2'' to the directory ''newdir''
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	For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.		For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.

	* ''mv''		== mv ==
	mv oldfilename newfilename		mv oldfilename newfilename
	This effectively renames the file ''oldfilename'' to ''newfilename''		This effectively renames the file ''oldfilename'' to ''newfilename''
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	'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''mv'' just like when you use ''cp'' so be careful!		'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''mv'' just like when you use ''cp'' so be careful!

	* ''mkdir''		== mkdir ==
	mkdir newdir newdir2		mkdir newdir newdir2
	This will create two new directories, ''newdir'' and ''newdir2''		This will create two new directories, ''newdir'' and ''newdir2''
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	This will create ''newdir'' and ''newdir/newdir2'', even if the former doesn't exist.		This will create ''newdir'' and ''newdir/newdir2'', even if the former doesn't exist.

	* ''grep''		== grep ==
	grep 'pattern' filename		grep 'pattern' filename
	This will search the file ''filename'' for the pattern ''pattern'' and displays the line on which it occurs		This will search the file ''filename'' for the pattern ''pattern'' and displays the line on which it occurs
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	This searched for ''pattern'' in all files in the current directory. Very useful for looking through lots of code!		This searched for ''pattern'' in all files in the current directory. Very useful for looking through lots of code!

	* ''xxdiff''		== xxdiff ==
	xxdiff file1 file2		xxdiff file1 file2
	Much clearer than regular ''diff'' (graphical output).		Much clearer than regular ''diff'' (graphical output).

	* ''svn''		== svn ==
	The subversion version control program. Detailed info is available on the [[SVN Page]]		The subversion version control program. Detailed info is available on the [[SVN Page]]

	* ''find''		== find ==
	Can do so much, in a somewhat idiosyncratic manner! See this [http://www.hccfl.edu/pollock/Unix/FindCmd.htm guide].		Can do so much, in a somewhat idiosyncratic manner! See this [http://www.hccfl.edu/pollock/Unix/FindCmd.htm guide].

	* ''rename''		== rename ==
	Renames multiple files according to the patterns provided. A little care must be taken as there are two commonly used versions that have wildly different syntax. The sector machines all use the C version, some others (including arwen) use the Perl version. To check, run ''man rename''. If the first line contains LINUX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL, then use the C syntax, otherwise use the Perl syntax.		Renames multiple files according to the patterns provided. A little care must be taken as there are two commonly used versions that have wildly different syntax. The sector machines all use the C version, some others (including arwen) use the Perl version. To check, run ''man rename''. If the first line contains LINUX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL, then use the C syntax, otherwise use the Perl syntax.

import>Jss43 at 20:00, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T20:00:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:00, 30 April 2008
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	* ''find''		* ''find''
	Can do so much, in a somewhat idiosyncratic manner! See this [http://www.hccfl.edu/pollock/Unix/FindCmd.htm guide].		Can do so much, in a somewhat idiosyncratic manner! See this [http://www.hccfl.edu/pollock/Unix/FindCmd.htm guide].

			* ''rename''
			Renames multiple files according to the patterns provided. A little care must be taken as there are two commonly used versions that have wildly different syntax. The sector machines all use the C version, some others (including arwen) use the Perl version. To check, run ''man rename''. If the first line contains LINUX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL, then use the C syntax, otherwise use the Perl syntax.

			To rename all files foo1.txt foo2.txt ... foon.txt to bar1.txt bar2.txt ... barn.txt:

			rename foo bar foo* (C)
			rename 's/foo/bar/' foo* (Perl)

			The Perl version uses a Perl expression: typically search and replace. For more details see the excellent guide in ''man perlrequick'' and the references therein.

import>Csw34 at 19:54, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T19:54:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 30 April 2008
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	This will list the contents of the current directory showing more information and sorting them so the most recently modified file will be displayed last. The ''h'' flag makes the file sizes more human friendly!		This will list the contents of the current directory showing more information and sorting them so the most recently modified file will be displayed last. The ''h'' flag makes the file sizes more human friendly!
	ls -a		ls -a
	This will list ~~ALL~~ files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''		This will list '''a'''ll files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''

	* ''cd''		* ''cd''

import>Csw34 at 19:53, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T19:53:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:53, 30 April 2008
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	This lists the contents of the current directory		This lists the contents of the current directory
	ls -lrth		ls -lrth
	This will list the contents of the current directory showing more information and sorting them so the most recently modified file will be displayed last. The ''h'' flag makes the file sizes ~~shown~~ more human friendly!		This will list the contents of the current directory showing more information and sorting them so the most recently modified file will be displayed last. The ''h'' flag makes the file sizes more human friendly!
	ls -a		ls -a
	This will list ALL files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''		This will list ALL files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''

import>Csw34 at 18:20, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:20:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 30 April 2008
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	mkdir -p newdir/newdir2		mkdir -p newdir/newdir2
	This will create ''newdir'' and ''newdir/newdir2'', even if the former doesn't exist.		This will create ''newdir'' and ''newdir/newdir2'', even if the former doesn't exist.

			* ''grep''
			grep 'pattern' filename
			This will search the file ''filename'' for the pattern ''pattern'' and displays the line on which it occurs
			grep 'pattern' *
			This searched for ''pattern'' in all files in the current directory. Very useful for looking through lots of code!

	* ''xxdiff''		* ''xxdiff''

import>Csw34 at 18:17, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:17:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 30 April 2008
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	This will display info on the options associated with the ''ls'' command. To exit the info page, press ''q''.		This will display info on the options associated with the ''ls'' command. To exit the info page, press ''q''.

			* ''ls''
			ls
			This lists the contents of the current directory
			ls -lrth
			This will list the contents of the current directory showing more information and sorting them so the most recently modified file will be displayed last. The ''h'' flag makes the file sizes shown more human friendly!
			ls -a
			This will list ALL files i.e. the normal ''ls'' command will not display files beginning with a ''.'' i.e. ''.bashrc''

	* ''cd''		* ''cd''
	The ''''c'''hange '''d'''irectory' command		The ''''c'''hange '''d'''irectory' command

import>Csw34 at 18:13, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:13:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 30 April 2008
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	You may want to read the computer office's [http://www-co.ch.cam.ac.uk/software/unix/booklet/ introduction to Unix booklet] .		You may want to read the computer office's [http://www-co.ch.cam.ac.uk/software/unix/booklet/ introduction to Unix booklet] .

	A really useful guide to [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/ bash scripting].		Also, here is a really useful guide to [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/ bash scripting].

			'''NOTE''': You can always look up a command using ''man
			man ls
			This will display info on the options associated with the ''ls'' command. To exit the info page, press ''q''.

	* ''cd''		* ''cd''

import>Csw34 at 18:09, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:09:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 30 April 2008
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	Recursively copies the directory ''newdir'' and all its subdirectories to ''csw34'''s home directory.		Recursively copies the directory ''newdir'' and all its subdirectories to ''csw34'''s home directory.

	'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''! ~~For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.~~		'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''!

			For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.

	* ''mv''		* ''mv''

import>Csw34 at 18:09, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:09:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 30 April 2008
Line 28:		Line 28:
	Recursively copies the directory ''newdir'' and all its subdirectories to ''csw34'''s home directory.		Recursively copies the directory ''newdir'' and all its subdirectories to ''csw34'''s home directory.

	'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''!		'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''! For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.
	For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.

	* ''mv''		* ''mv''

import>Csw34 at 18:09, 30 April 2008

2008-04-30T18:09:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:09, 30 April 2008
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	cd		cd
	cd ~		cd ~
	cd /home/~~user~~		cd /home/username
	These all take you to your home directory		These all take you to your home directory
	cd ../..		cd ../..
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	This takes you into the directory called ''newdir''		This takes you into the directory called ''newdir''
	cd ~/Documents		cd ~/Documents
	This takes you into you Documents folder (actually located at ''/home/~~user~~/Documents'')		This takes you into you Documents folder (actually located at ''/home/username/Documents'')
	cd ~csw34		cd ~csw34
	This takes you into the home directory of user ''csw34''		This takes you into the home directory of user ''csw34''
	cd /sharedscratch/~~user~~		cd /sharedscratch/username
	This takes you to your ''sharedscratch'' directory (only on clusters)		This takes you to your ''sharedscratch'' directory (only on clusters)

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	'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''!		'''WARNING''': you can overwrite files using ''cp'' i.e. if in the first example ''file2'' already exists, you will replace its contents with those of ''file1''!
			For information on copying files between machines see the guide for ''scp'' linked from the [[Wales Group]] page.

	* ''mv''		* ''mv''